Synthetic Radiator Fabric

ABSTRACT

A synthetic radiator fabric with permanent mechanical wicking defines an inner surface and has a raised knit body defining an opposite outer surface. The fabric includes hydrophilic and hydrophobic fiber-containing yarns. At the inner surface, the hydrophilic fiber-containing yarns collect liquid sweat from a wearer&#39;s skin surface and maintain the collected sweat at the inner surface, generally in the vicinity of and/or in contact with the wearer&#39;s skin, for encouraging evaporation of sweat and providing evaporative cooling. The raised knit body extends from the inner surface toward, and defines, the opposite outer surface. The hydrophobic fiber-containing yarns are arranged in a radiator-like construction forming egg-crate or honey-comb like cells or pores, defined by the knit body and open to the inner surface. At the outer fabric surface, the hydrophobic fibers receive excess sweat from the wearer&#39;s body, thereby to encourage rapid evaporation and drying, for improved breathability.

This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 62/356,251, filed Jun. 29, 2016, the entire disclosureof which is incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention relates to fabrics, and more particularly to improvedsynthetic radiator fabrics with permanent mechanical wicking.

BACKGROUND

Cotton is considered to be the king of casual warm weather attire. It ishighly breathable, and it absorbs body moisture vapor and light sweatfrom our bodies so we feel less sticky. It is also more cool andcomfortable when worn in higher heat conditions, e.g., as compared tosynthetic fabrics. However, it is recognized that under relativelyheavier exertion, cotton will “wet-out”, i.e., excess moisture (sweat)makes the cotton fibers swell, creating a barrier to breathability. Afeel-good cotton T-shirt can then become a soggy, uncomfortable mess.

However, that's old news, and among the reasons for 100% polyester andother synthetic garments becoming so popular; i.e., they are quickdrying. However, the rapid drying speed of synthetic materials oftenresults in wearing conditions that can make these garments too cool forthe comfort of the wearer. For example, distance athletes often complainabout the discomfort of flash cooling experienced with sweat-soakedsynthetic garments, especially when the temperature drops, and/or whenthe wind picks up. It is also recognized that when a polyester shirt isdry, its feels relatively warm to the wearer, and no one wants to wear awarm shirt on a hot day or in the gym. However, when it becomesnecessary to make a choice, many wearers will put up with theundesirable temperature swings experienced with garments formed ofsynthetic fabric, thereby to retain the benefits of quick drying, butforegoing the recognized advantages of cotton.

SUMMARY

In general, this disclosure relates to a cooling fabric technologysomewhat akin to vehicle radiators, but that uses the body's naturalcooling processes, namely, sweat, to create a permanent mechanicalwicking fabric that transfers heat and sweat away from the wearer's bodyand out into the air being blown across an outside surface of thefabric. There are no chemical reactions involved in this coolingprocess, e.g., such as might be found in apparel using a xylitol (i.e.,sugar alcohol) finish. Instead, the fabric of this disclosure is apermanent wicking fabric, inspired in part by the structure of car andother vehicle radiators. The novel fabric transfers heat and sweat awayfrom a wearer's body and out into the air being blown across the outsidesurface of the fabric, the outside surface being spaced advantageouslyfrom the wearer's skin surface by the raised fabric structure.

According to the invention, a synthetic radiator fabric with permanentmechanical wicking defines an inner surface and has a raised knit bodyconstruction defining an opposite outer surface. The fabric compriseshydrophilic fiber-containing yarns and hydrophobic fiber-containingyarns. The inner surface comprising the hydrophilic fiber-containingyarns collects liquid sweat from a wearer's skin surface and maintainsthe collected sweat at the inner surface of the synthetic radiatorfabric, generally in the vicinity of and/or in contact with the wearer'sskin, for encouraging evaporation of the sweat and providing evaporativecooling to the fabric wearer. The raised knit body construction extendsfrom the inner surface toward, and defines, the opposite outer surface,and comprises the hydrophobic fiber-containing yarns arranged in aradiator-like construction, the radiator-like construction formingegg-crate or honey-comb like cells or pores, defined by the knit bodyand open to the inner surface. At the outer surface of the syntheticradiator fabric, the hydrophobic fibers receive excess sweat from thewearer's body at the outer surface, thereby to encourage rapidevaporation and drying, for improved breathability of the syntheticradiator fabric.

Preferred embodiments of the invention may include one or more of thefollowing additional features. For example, skin cling at the innersurface of the synthetic radiator fabric is reduced via skin surfacecontact reduction with the yarns of the radiator-like construction. Oneor more outer surface regions define one or more through-flow aperturesin the knit region of hydrophobic fibers for further enhancement ofrapid evaporation and drying. The apertures are generally circular, orgenerally linear. The hydrophilic fibers comprise lyocell. Thehydrophobic yarns and the hydrophilic yarns exhibit a contrasting colorvisibility creating a visible pattern knit in the raised knit body thatdifferentiates between the hydrophilic fibers at the inner surface ofthe fabric, in engagement with the wearer's skin, and the raisedstructure of the fabric body formed by the hydrophobic fibers, includingthe outer surface of the fabric, spaced from the wearer's skin surface.

According to another aspect of the disclosures, a wearable garmentcomprises synthetic radiator fabrics with permanent mechanical wicking.

The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are set forth inthe accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features,objects, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from thedescription and drawings, and from the claims.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a face plan view of an inside surface 6, i.e., a surfacefacing/disposed for contact with a wearer's skin, of a syntheticradiator fabric 10 with permanent mechanical wicking of this disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a similar, face plan view of an outside surface 7, i.e., asurface spaced from a wearer's skin and exposed to flow of air, of thesynthetic radiator fabric with permanent mechanical wicking of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a face plan view of an example of a metal radiator grid 20exhibiting “egg-crate” or “honeycomb-like cell” elements conceptuallysimilar to the “egg-crate” or “honeycomb-like cell” elements of thesynthetic fabric with permanent mechanical wicking of the presentdisclosure.

FIGS. 4 and 5 are side face views of a set of multiple “egg-crate” or“honeycomb-like cell” elements of a synthetic radiator fabric withpermanent mechanical wicking of this disclosure, taken in resection atthe lines 4-4 and 5-5, respectively, of FIG. 1.

FIG. 6 is a somewhat diagrammatic face plan view of the exposed, insidesurface 6 of a synthetic radiator fabric 10 having permanent mechanicalwicking of the disclosure, with air-flow apertures (B) dispersed acrossthe fabric surface (A).

FIG. 7 is a representative chart of cooling response for a syntheticradiator fabric with permanent mechanical wicking of this disclosure,plotting heat energy extracted from the skin or a test plate (W/m²)versus Time (minutes), for a polyester fabric (indicated by solidline(s), H), for a synthetic radiator fabric with permanent mechanicalwicking of this disclosure (indicated by dash-dot-dash line(s), J), andfor cotton fabric (indicated by dotted line, K).

FIG. 8 is a plan view of a representative radiator grid 12, e.g., withmesh-form (e.g., metal) grid.

FIG. 9 is an edge view of one embodiment of a raised knit constructionof the synthetic radiator fabric with permanent mechanical wicking ofthe disclosure, while FIG. 10 is face plan view of an inner (i.e.,facing/engaging a wearer's skin) surface of, and FIG. 11 is a similarface plan view of an opposite, outer (i.e., spaced from the wearer'sskin) surface, of the raised knit construction of the synthetic radiatorfabric with permanent mechanical wicking.

FIG. 12 is an edge view of another embodiment of a raised knitconstruction of the synthetic radiator fabric with permanent mechanicalwicking of the disclosure, while FIG. 13 is face plan view of an inner(i.e., facing/engaging a wearer's skin) surface of, and FIG. 14 is asimilar face plan view of an opposite, outer (i.e., spaced from thewearer's skin) surface, of this embodiment of the raised knitconstruction of the synthetic radiator fabric with permanent mechanicalwicking.

FIGS. 15 and 16 are respective plan views of representative radiatorgrids 20, e.g., with mesh-form (e.g., metal), with grids havinggenerally straight radiating fins.

FIG. 17 is an edge view of another embodiment of a raised knitconstruction of the synthetic radiator fabric with permanent mechanicalwicking of the disclosure, while FIG. 18 is face plan view of an inner(i.e., facing/engaging a wearer's skin) surface of, and FIG. 19 is asimilar face plan view of an opposite, outer (i.e., spaced from thewearer's skin) surface, of this embodiment of the raised knitconstruction of the synthetic radiator fabric with permanent mechanicalwicking.

FIG. 20 is an edge view of another embodiment of a raised knitconstruction of the synthetic radiator fabric with permanent mechanicalwicking of the disclosure, while FIG. 21 is face plan view of an inner(i.e., facing/engaging a wearer's skin) surface of, and FIG. 22 is asimilar face plan view of an opposite, outer (i.e., spaced from thewearer's skin) surface, of this embodiment of the raised knitconstruction of the synthetic radiator fabric with permanent mechanicalwicking.

Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The synthetic radiator fabric 10 with permanent mechanical wicking ofthe disclosure, e.g. as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, was developed and isavailable commercially under the trademarks Polartec® DELTA™ fabric. Asmentioned above, the synthetic radiator fabric with permanent mechanicalwicking of the disclosure was inspired, at least in part, by the vehicleradiator grid or matrix (or matrices). As well known, metal radiatorsand the like can take different shapes, but with the commoncharacteristic of fanning out across a surface to transfer heat from oneregion to another region. As will be described, the primary method ofachieving heat transfer with the synthetic radiator fabric 10 withpermanent mechanical wicking of the present disclosure is evaporativecooling (as in contrast to the radiative heating and cooling known withstandard radiator elements). In particular, the radiating elements inthe synthetic radiator fabric 10 with permanent mechanical wicking (alsoreferred to commercially as “DELTA™” fabric) are formed of hydrophobicyarns (e.g., polyester) and hydrophilic yarns (e.g., Tencel® Lyocell(the trademark Tencel® is owned by Lenzing AG)) “Lyocell” is a form ofrayon, which consists of cellulose fiber made from dissolving pulp(bleached wood pulp) using jet-wet spinning. The placement of thesehydrophilic yarns, located at the inner surface 6 of the fabric 10,serve to maximize the spread of sweat across the fabric, while holding adesired amount directly on the wearer's skin for maximum evaporativecooling. These hydrophilic yarns 6 prolong the natural evaporativecooling response of the wearer's skin, and hydrophobic yarns 7 formingor defining the openings in fabric matrix offer maximum breathability atthe outer surface, spaced from the wearer's skin.

The technology of the synthetic radiator fabric 10 with permanentmechanical wicking may be visible to the wearer. For example, thematerial of the cooling (hydrophilic) fibers may take dye differently,and/or the knit patterns may be suggestive of being “air conditioned”.As a result, the color visibility of the cooling (hydrophilic) yarns maycreate a pattern visible and/or may be knit into a raised knit structureor body 8 that differentiates between hydrophilic fibers at innersurface 6 of the fabric, in engagement with the wearer's skin, and theraised structure 8 of the fabric body 10 formed by the hydrophobicmaterial, including at the outer surface of the fabric, spaced from thewearer's skin surface.

Additional cooling comfort features of the synthetic radiator fabric 10with permanent mechanical wicking of the disclosure also include reducedskin cling, e.g., via reduction of inner fabric surface-to-skin contact.The synthetic radiator fabric 10 with permanent mechanical wicking alsohas a desirably cool touch to the wearer's skin, due, e.g., to the rapidevaporative cooling achieved as a result of the hydrophilic fibers/yarnsof the inner surface 6. The synthetic radiator fabric 10 with permanentmechanical wicking can also be treated to provide odor control, and alsoto provide enhanced UPF (“Ultra Protection Factor”) protection on moststyles.

The synthetic radiator fabric 10 with permanent mechanical wicking isknown commercially in many channels as “DELTA™”, or as “Polartec®”“DELTA™” synthetic radiator fabric with mechanical wicking, because“delta” means change. For example, it will change how a person dressesfor warm weather activity. In fact, the “DELTA™” fabric is referred toby many as the “Goldilocks” of fabrics because it can be just right inmany situations, i.e., neither too hot, nor too cool. The “DELTA™”fabric can successfully navigate a middle ground of natural fibers andsynthetic fibers, with comfort cues taken from cotton for immediate andlong term cooling ability, and taken from synthetics for their fast drytime, reduced wet cling and chaffing. The real proof to “DELTA™” fabricis in the wearing, but its performance is fully backed by solid textilescience.

The synthetic radiator fabric 10 with permanent mechanical wicking(“DELTA™”) was developed by research-and-development engineers asked toconstruct a fabric radiator for cooling. Traditionally, a radiator is astructure that facilitates transfer of heat from one region or space toa region or space located somewhere else. Sweating is recognized as theprimary mechanism for our bodies to dump excess heat when it's hot. The“DELTA™” fabric 10 has been devised and developed to maximize theeffectiveness of the natural sweat response of a wearer's body. Inactual use, the “DELTA™” fabric radiator carries a wearer's sweat andholds it right next to the skin, where it does the most good, with thewearer benefiting from evaporative cooling, i.e., by removal of theexcess body heat, as the fabric dries.

The “DELTA™” synthetic radiator fabric 10 with permanent mechanicalwicking does not use metal fins, e.g. as in an actual radiator. Rather,it uses yarns. The fabric construction features hydrophilic yarns (e.g.,seen as white in FIG. 1), which are knit into a radiator matrix thatwill prolong the skin's natural cooling response. This hydrophilic yarnwill absorb and distribute water/sweat across the inner surface 6(closer to the wearer's skin) of the fabric. It works in a mannersomewhat similar to coolant in a car's radiator. That is, it carries anddistributes the sweat across the inner surface 6, so that your skin canbenefit from evaporative cooling. Hydrophobic zones 7, 8 (which appearin darker color, e.g. might be shown in orange in color drawings (FIGS.1 and 2), created by synthetic yarn and a special knit constructionselected for promotion of maximum breathability and a quick dry time.The special knit structure can reduce wet skin cling, and the yarns arechosen to have a naturally cool touch that a wearer will want to put onwhen the conditions are hot. The “DELTA” synthetic radiator fabric 10with permanent mechanical wicking also has odor control, which serves toperfect the experience, and a UPF rating in the mid weight range,selected to help keep a wearer safe and comfortable when outside in thesun, especially for extended periods.

Representative examples of typical metal radiator grids are shown inFIG. 10 (e.g., grid 12 having generally circular apertures for airmovement) and in FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 (e.g. grids 50 and 60, havinggenerally linear apertures for air movement).

Examples of synthetic radiator fabrics 10 of the disclosure, withpermanent mechanical wicking are shown, e.g., in FIGS. 9 through 22. Inparticular:

FIG. 9 shows an end edge 34 of the raised knit body construction 31,while FIGS. 10 and 11 also show face plan views of each of the innersurface 30 and the outer surface 32) also indicated in FIG. 9);

FIG. 12 shows an end edge 44 of the raised knit body construction 41,while FIGS. 13 and 14 also show face plan views of each of the innersurface 40 and the outer surface 42 (also indicated in FIG. 12;

FIG. 17 shows an end edge 74 of the raised knit body construction 71,while FIGS. 18 and 19 also show face plan views of each of the innersurface 70 and the outer surface 72 (also indicated in FIG. 17); and

FIG. 20 shows an end edge 84 of the raised knit body construction 81,while FIGS. 21 and 21 also show face plan views of each of the innersurface 80 and the outer surface 82 (also indicated in FIG. 20).

Performance of the “DELTA™” synthetic radiator fabric 10 with permanentmechanical wicking has been assessed in Polartec's controlled testchamber, including for settings at a hot, moderately humid environment.During these tests, a metal plate with water releasing pores was used toimitate hot sweating skin. The “DELTA™” synthetic radiator fabric 10with permanent mechanical wicking was placed on top of the plate and theevaporative cooling that occurred (in watts of heat energy extractedfrom the “skin” plate) was measured. This Polartec test was derived fromthe skin-model testing in ISO 11092 (Textiles—Physiologicaleffects—Measurement of thermal and water-vapor resistance understeady-state conditions (sweating guarded-hot plate test (2014)).

As described above, the “DELTA™” synthetic radiator fabrics 10 withpermanent mechanical wicking fabrics from Polartec sit in the sweet spot(or so-called “Goldilocks” zone) between cotton and polyester. The“DELTA™” fabrics exhibit a comfortable cooling pattern similar to thatof cotton, but also act more like polyester for dry times, and formaintaining breathability when wet. Referring now to FIG. 7, the diagramshows the comparable dry time and breathability performances of thePolartec® “DELTA™” fabric, 100% Polyester fabric, and Cotton 100%fabric.

Breathability & Dry Time Dry Time Breathability when dry Breathabilitywhen wet Fabric (minutes*) (RET**) (RET***) Polartec ® 15 2.7-4.0 24DELTA ™ 100% 8 2.5-3.0 17 Polyester 100% 28 4.0-5.0 31 Cotton *AverageDry Time from skin model testing **RET (water vapor resistance) perISO11092 (2014) ***RET (water vapor resistance) from skin modelingduring sweat phase

Technical Highlights and Performance Characteristics

In summary, the synthetic radiator fabric 10 with permanent mechanicalwicking (“DELTA™”) offers the critical advantages of combinations of:

-   -   Cool touch;    -   Superior wicking action (with hydrophilic yarns prolonging the        skin's natural evaporative cooling response);    -   High breathability, with hydrophobic zones in the knit matrix        promoting maximum breathability;    -   Reduced skin cling via surface contact reduction, for reduced        chaffing and the reduced perception of being sweaty;    -   Regulated drying; and    -   Odor control.

In whole, The POLARTEC® DELTA™ fabric 10 further provide:

-   -   Advanced cooling next-to-skin fabric technology;    -   Optimal Base: and    -   Hydrophilic yarns prolong skin's natural evaporative cooling        response.

Polartec® “Delta™” Fabrics:

Polartec DELTA™ synthetic radiator fabrics 10 with permanent mechanicalwicking sit in the sweet spot, or “Goldilocks” zone, between cotton andpolyester. These DELTA™ fabrics exhibit a comfortable cooling patternsimilar to cotton, but act more like polyester for dry times andmaintaining breathability when wet.

Polartec, LLC, a premium provider of innovative textile solutions, haslaunched its first cooling platform, Polartec® Delta™, a permanentmechanical wicking fabric that has permitted athletes and adventurers toevolve in their dress for performance in warmer climates. Inspired bythe design of car and other vehicle radiators, the DELTA™ fabric isconstructed of an optimal base layer that provides wicking capabilities,reduces skin cling, regulates drying and is highly breathable withoutany chemical treatments.

Traditionally, athletes turned to cotton, polyester or other syntheticgarments in warmer climates, but then found them lacking because theyeither soaked through or weren't breathable. The Polartec DELTA™ fabricsits in the sweet spot between cotton and polyester, shifting what itmeans to perform in warm weather. Polartec created its first coolingfabric to maximize the effectiveness of the body's natural sweatresponse. The DELTA™ fabric 10 carries sweat and holds it next to skinwhere it most closely replicates the human body's natural coolingprocesses while still allowing the fabric to dry quickly. Whether theathlete is a long distance runner, paddle boarding under intense heat orpushing themselves through a “WOD” (“Workout of the Day”), the DELTA™fabric 10 provides comfort, reduces wet cling and chaffing and helpscontrol odor.

With DELTA™ fabric, Polartec is now a four-season brand. DELTA™ fabricmakes working out, running or doing anything in a warm climate in a wetcotton t-shirt a thing of the past. The fabric helps athletes stay inthat “Just Right” zone where they can maximize their performance withoutoverheating.

Polartec fabrics are normally associated with apparel that keeps youwarm and dry. In order to now become a four-season brand; however, inPolartec has now created its first cooling fabric in Polartec DELTA™fabric.

There are no chemical reactions involved in the cooling process likemight currently be found in some apparel that uses a xylitol finish.Instead, the DELTA™ fabric 10 is a permanent mechanical wicking fabricthat was inspired by the design of car and other vehicle radiators, inthat it transfers heat and sweat away from the wearer's body and out tothe air being blown across the outside of the fabric. This maximizes theeffectiveness of the natural sweat response combined with theevaporative cooling process.

Polartec's DELTA™ fabric sits in the sweet spot between cotton andpolyester, with a unique honeycomb structure that carries the sweat awayfrom the wearer's skin, but holds it close enough for the wearer to getthe benefits of the cooling as it evaporates. The result is a shirt orother garment that does not stick to the wearer as he or she sweats,dries quickly, cuts down on chaffing, and feels comfortable and soothingto wear.

Polartec's DELTA™ fabric was created so that cooling fabric technologiescan better utilize the body's natural cooling process—sweat. Incontrast, next-to-skin fabrics that target wicking and drying only keepmoisture vapor moving, and do not work to actually solve overheating.DELTA™ fabric works harder and smarter by elevating yarns for increasedairflow, optimizing moisture dispersal, and reducing friction againstthe skin.

Polartec's DELTA™ fabric 10 is engineered with elevated structures knitacross the fabric surface to increase airflow, reduce friction, anddissipate heat. This specialized knit construction is enhanced with ahydrophobic and hydrophilic yarn blends for advanced moisturemanagement. The DELTA™ innovative fabric composition regulates dryingtimes and allows breathability when wet. By working in “sync” with thebody's natural cooling response, the DELTA™ fabric outperforms otherbase fabrics in overly warm or hot conditions.

There are no chemical reactions involved in the cooling process, e.g.like might be expected or might be currently found, in some apparel thatuses xylitol finish. Instead, the DELTA™ fabric is a permanentmechanical wicking fabric that was inspired by the design of car andother vehicle radiators, i.e., it transfers heat and sweat away fromyour body and out to the air being blown (or otherwise moving) acrossthe outside of the fabric.

Polartec's DELTA™ fabric 10 sits in the sweet spot between cotton andpolyester, with a special honeycomb structure that carries the swearaway from the wearer's skin, but holds is close enough that the wearergets the benefits of the cooling as it (the sweat) evaporates. Theresult is a shirt (or other garment) that does not stick to the wearer'sskin as he/she as they sweat, dies quickly, cuts down on chaffing, andfeels comfortable, and even soothing, to wear.

A number of embodiments of the invention have been described.Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may bemade without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.Accordingly, other embodiments are within the scope of the followingclaims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A synthetic radiator fabric with permanentmechanical wicking, the fabric defining an inner surface and the fabrichaving a raised knit body construction defining an opposite outersurface, and the fabric comprising hydrophilic fiber-containing yarnsand hydrophobic fiber-containing yarns, the inner surface comprising thehydrophilic fiber-containing yarns collecting liquid sweat from awearer's skin surface and maintaining the collected sweat at the innersurface of the synthetic radiator fabric, generally in the vicinity ofand/or in contact with the wearer's skin, for encouraging evaporation ofthe sweat and providing evaporative cooling to the fabric wearer, theraised knit body construction extending from the inner surface toward,and defining, the opposite outer surface, and comprising the hydrophobicfiber-containing yarns arranged in a radiator-like construction, theradiator-like construction forming egg-crate or honey-comb like cells orpores, defined by the knit body and open to the inner surface, and atthe outer surface of the synthetic radiator fabric, the hydrophobicfibers receiving excess sweat from the wearer's body at the outersurface, thereby to encourage rapid evaporation and drying, for improvedbreathability of the synthetic radiator fabric.
 2. The syntheticradiator fabric with permanent mechanical wicking of claim 1, wherein,skin cling at the inner surface of the synthetic radiator fabric isreduced via skin surface contact reduction with the yarns of theradiator-like construction.
 3. The synthetic radiator fabric of claim 1,wherein one or more outer surface regions define one or morethrough-flow apertures in the knit region of hydrophobic fibers forfurther enhancement of rapid evaporation and drying.
 4. The syntheticradiator fabric of claim 3, wherein the apertures are generallycircular.
 5. The synthetic radiator fabric of claim 3, wherein theapertures are generally linear.
 6. The synthetic radiator fabric ofclaim 1, wherein the hydrophilic fibers comprise lyocell.
 7. Thesynthetic radiator fabric of claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic yarns andthe hydrophilic yarns exhibit a contrasting color visibility creating avisible pattern knit in the raised knit body that differentiates betweenthe hydrophilic fibers at the inner surface of the fabric, in engagementwith the wearer's skin, and the raised structure of the fabric bodyformed by the hydrophobic fibers, including the outer surface of thefabric, spaced from the wearer's skin surface.
 8. A wearable garmentcomprising the synthetic radiator fabrics with permanent mechanicalwicking of claim 1.